Umbilical Hernia – Surgical Treatment

An umbilical hernia is one of the most common types of hernias in the abdominal cavity. Although it often occurs in children, in whom it usually resolves on its own, it can also affect adults—especially after pregnancy, childbirth, previous surgeries in the umbilical region, or injuries. Obesity and significant weakening of the abdominal muscles are also common risk factors. An umbilical hernia not only affects appearance but, more importantly, can cause pain, discomfort, and limited mobility. Surgical treatment of a hernia restores the normal structure of the abdominal wall, prevents it from enlarging, and significantly improves the patient’s quality of life.

What is an umbilical hernia?

An umbilical hernia occurs when a portion of an organ or tissue—most commonly the intestine and peritoneum—protrudes outside the abdominal cavity through a weakened area near the navel. This manifests as a visible bulge or thickening in this region, which may enlarge during coughing, physical exertion, or lifting. Over time, the hernia may cause pain, a pulling sensation, and tightness in the lower abdomen. In extreme cases, there is a risk of hernia incarceration, which requires urgent surgical intervention.

What does the procedure involve?

Umbilical hernia surgery involves repositioning the organs and tissues that have moved outside the abdominal cavity and reinforcing the weakened area. The surgeon makes a semicircular incision around the navel, separates or opens the hernial sac, and returns its contents to their proper place. The peritoneum is then sutured, and to prevent hernia recurrence, a special synthetic mesh is implanted at the site of weakness to reinforce the abdominal wall.

The procedure is usually performed under general anesthesia and lasts about 1–2 hours. Thanks to precise surgical techniques, it is possible to achieve a very good aesthetic result—the navel retains its natural appearance after surgery.

Preparation for Surgery

Umbilical hernia surgery is an elective procedure; therefore, it requires a prior surgical consultation and basic laboratory tests: complete blood count, coagulation parameters (APTT, INR), glucose, electrolytes, ECG, blood type determination, and a urinalysis. About one week before surgery, anticoagulants and certain pain relievers should be discontinued—the attending physician will determine the specific recommendations.

Recovery after surgery

After the procedure, the patient remains in the clinic for 1 day. During the first few days, physical exertion, heavy lifting, and sudden movements should be avoided. It is recommended to wear a special abdominal belt, which stabilizes the surgical site and supports the healing process.

Dressings should be changed regularly to maintain wound hygiene. The sutures are removed after 7–10 days. The full recovery period usually lasts from 2 weeks to 2 months, and a full return to physical activity takes 3–6 months. During this time, it is also recommended to follow an easily digestible diet to avoid increased abdominal pressure.

Contraindications to the procedure

Although surgical treatment of an umbilical hernia is usually necessary in adults, there are situations in which it should be postponed or alternative treatment methods considered. Contraindications include:

• active infections or inflammation of the skin and subcutaneous tissue,
• uncontrolled diabetes,
• coagulation disorders,
• circulatory failure,
• ischemic heart disease and arrhythmias,
• severe hypertension,
• pregnancy.